The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors AND family VIOLENCE against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey AND the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The rANDom sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children AND family VIOLENCE was also defined as VIOLENCE applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of VIOLENCE has a positive relationship with psychological VIOLENCE, physical VIOLENCE, neglect against children AND family VIOLENCE against children. In other results, it was found that VIOLENCE-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological VIOLENCE, physical VIOLENCE, neglect against children AND family VIOLENCE against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental VIOLENCE, physical VIOLENCE AND neglect against children AND family VIOLENCE against children was confirmed AND it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental VIOLENCE, physical VIOLENCE AND neglect against children AND family VIOLENCE against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological VIOLENCE, physical VIOLENCE AND neglect against children AND family VIOLENCE against children.

Women grow healthy people, therefore, ignoring their life conditions, AND exposing them to family VIOLENCE can lead to various mental AND/or physical diseases, AND this issue may be considered as a threat against family members health. Because of this, the present article aims at reviewing some factors having impact on family VIOLENCE AND its relationship with married women’s mental health.The research is of survey type AND the statistical group includes all married women in Tabriz (N=378460), however 384 married women have been selected through rANDom sampling AND through using Cockran formula. Questionnaire was the tool used in the present research AND data analyzed through using SPSS AND Lisrel.Result of correlation test indicates that there is a significant linear relationship between patriarchy variables, EXPERIENCING AND OBSERVING VIOLENCE in the family of their husbANDs, interference of husbAND’s relatives, AND irritating husbAND by wife, on one hAND, AND variables of family VIOLENCE, AND women’s mental health variables on the other. Results of path analysis indicated that independent variables used in the present research have managed to explain 39 percent of changes in variable of family VIOLENCE against women, AND 33 percent of the changes of variable dependent on mental health.

The present research studied the (causal, contextual, AND intervening) conditions, strategies, AND consequences of VIOLENCE in the lives of child wives in Chabahar city, conducted with a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar city who were selected through theoretical sampling AND snowball method. The analysis of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial AND selective coding system showed that gendered inequality AND discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence AND the culture of VIOLENCE play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of VIOLENCE (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double VIOLENCE for them (core category); VIOLENCE that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions AND rules, AND the perpetrators of which are men AND women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions AND rules that they have, now, internalized AND used again against their daughters. This increased VIOLENCE happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) AND due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, AND commit suicide (strategies), AND these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, AND sexual VIOLENCE AND even social isolation (consequences).

Introduction: VIOLENCE against women is a universal phenomenon which is experienced in public AND privet areas. The aim of the study was to review the women from Isfahan, Iran who experienced types of domestic VIOLENCE.Method: This study was done through the qualitative method AND interpreting AND the phenomenological approaches by participation of 10 employed married females with conducting focus group discussion sessions AND discovering AND deep interviews in a 12 months period in 2013. Data were collected AND registered AND then they were encoded. These general categories resulted to the extraction of a core category in which included the fundamental category of the study.Results: Age of the participants in this study varied between 30 to 53 years. Their educational level has ranged from literacy to the university graduated. The findings indicated that the initial disputes AND VIOLENCE behaviors of the couples, starts since marriage spouse ceremony. Various forms of family VIOLENCE were reported by the participants. VIOLENCE varied from arguing, fighting, physical VIOLENCE, beating up AND etc.Conclusion: Given to the procedure of data analyzing, the assumption of general attributes AND transmission of the VIOLENCE in family was formed among all socio-economical bases.

Objective: To estimate prevalence rate of VIOLENCE in spousal relationship AND chronicity of enacting AND EXPERIENCING VIOLENCE.Method: The data were gathered through a systematized multi-clustral sampling.460 Men AND Women from different parts of Tehran (the areas 2, 5, 12, 18) were participated in study, after being informed from the object of the research.Conflict Tactics Scale-2 AND a researcher developed questionnaire for cultural AND demographic data were completed by each participant. Conflict Tactics Scales is a simple behavior self-report instrument with 4 aspects: physical assault, injury assault, sexual coercion, psychological aggression AND one aspect for using negotiation in interpersonal relationship. These scales, in the same time, measure a mutual VIOLENCE (inacteted AND EXPERIENCING).Findings: Findings showed that in couple relationships men were more engaged in enacting VIOLENCE than women. The chronicity of aggression was also higher in men comparing women. Some of .cultural AND demographic factors were related to family VIOLENCE.Results: Although men were more enacted but VIOLENCE had a mutual base.

Background: Given the significant health effects of domestic VIOLENCE against women, the present study was conducted in 2016, in Tehran, Iran in order to compare the socioeconomic status, perceived social support AND mental status in women of reproductive age EXPERIENCING AND not EXPERIENCING domestic VIOLENCE.Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 women. The data collection tools used included questionnaires: demographic information, Socioeconomic, Beck’s Depression, Spielberger’s Anxiety, Cohen’s Perceived Stress, Sarason’s Perceived Social Support AND WHO’s Domestic VIOLENCE Inventory.Results: The results showed that 43.2% of women said they had experienced at least one case of domestic VIOLENCE, among which 16.4%, 15% AND 36.6% of women had experienced physical, sexual AND emotional-verbal types of VIOLENCE, respectively. The mean age (p less than 0.001) AND educational level (p=0.018) of violated women AND their spouses (p less than 0.001) were lower than those of non-violated women. Furthermore, violated women experienced lower socioeconomic status (p less than 0.05), higher perceived stress (p less than 0.008), higher depression (p less than 0.001), AND higher overt anxiety (0.002. They also perceived lower levels of social support (p less than 0.001).Conclusions: The issue of domestic VIOLENCE was rather prevalent in the participants of the present study, particularly the younger, less educated AND more socioeconomically deprived communities AND families.

Background: Domestic VIOLENCE (DV) can threaten women’ s health. Healthcare providers (HCPs) may be the first to come into contact with a victim of DV. Their appropriate performance regarding a DV victim can decrease its complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate HCPs’ performance regarding women EXPERIENCING DV in emergency AND maternity wards of hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. Materials AND Methods: The present descriptive, cross‑ sectional study was conducted among 300 HCPs working in emergency AND maternity wards in hospitals in Isfahan. The participants were selected using quota rANDom sampling from February to May 2016. A researcher‑ made questionnaire containing the five items of HCPs performance regarding DV (assessment, intervention, documentation, reference, AND follow‑ up) was used to collect data. The reliability AND validity of the questionnaire were confirmed, AND the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Cronbach’ s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaires. To present a general description of the data (variables, mean, AND stANDard deviation), the table of frequencies was designed. Results: The performance of the participants regarding DV in the assessment (mean = 64. 22), intervention (mean = 68. 55), AND reference stages (mean = 68. 32) were average. However, in the documentation (mean = 72. 55) AND follow‑ up stages (mean = 23. 10), their performance was good AND weak respectively (criterion from 100). Conclusions: Based on the results, because of defects in providing services for women EXPERIENCING DV, a practical indigenous guideline should be provided to treat AND support these women.